Understanding Surround Sound Systems

Surround sound is the concept of expanding the spatialDTS is an encode/decode process that delivers 5.1
imaging of audio playback from 1 dimension (monochannels of "master quality" audio on CD, CD-R, and
Left-Right) to two or three dimensions. It is oftenDVD. Each DTS encoded disc represents a sonic
employed for a more realistic audio environment,"clone" of the original film soundtrack.
actively implemented in cinema sound systems,The difference between Dolby Digital (AC-3) and DTS
technical theatre, home entertainment, video arcades,is:
computer gaming, and a growing number of other-DTS provides a deeper and tighter low frequency
applications. Many popular surround sound formatspresence
have evolved over the years. They include ambisonics,-DTS allows the sound to breath - transparency
quadraphonic, Dolby 5.1 Surround sound, DTS, and MP3-AC-3 leaves the impression that something is missing
Surround.from the mix
Surround sound can be created using several-At lower bit-rate AC-3 starts to sound like MP3's
methods. The simplest to understand uses severalencoded at a low-quality 96kbps (artifacts)
speakers around the listener to play audio coming fromDTS is more three dimensional. The sound actually
different directions. Another approach involvesmoved forward from the individual speakers to sound
processing the audio using psychoacoustic soundmore full. This fullness was most apparent with the
localization methods to simulate a 3D sound field usingmusic. Instead of simply coming from the speakers, the
headphones. The third approach, wave field synthesis,DTS filled the front soundstage not only side to side,
uses a very large number of speakers to generatebut with more depth as well. Bass reproduction was
the "audio hologram" of the original audio in the wholealso more defined in the DTS version, leaving the DD
room (as of 2004 the only commercial implementationedition sounding muddy.
of this is Iosono). Surround sound is not limited toDolby Digital incorporates dialog normalization, which
placement of speakers along a flat (2-dimensional)alters the decoded level of the soundtrack. The typical
plane. Vertically-located audio sources can besetting reduces level by 4 dB; other reduction levels
considered.are possible. In most decoders, this leads to a reduction
Dolby Digital (DD) uses the AC-3 file format, which anyin signal-to-noise and dynamic range.
Dolby Digital Decoder can decode to produce 5.1 audio.Dolby Digital also provides a "stereo down mixing"
Dolby Digital is the technical name for Dolby'sfeature as a substitute for a dedicated stereo mix.
multi-channel digital sound coding technique, moreHowever, many production engineers have admitted
commonly referred to as Dolby 5.1. A six-channelthat they often have to modify the original 5.1 mixes in
sound coding process originally created by Dolby fororder to attain acceptable stereo down mixes.
theaters, AC-3 was subsequently adapted for homeTherefore, the 5.1 mix on many Dolby Digital DVDs
use and is now steadily becoming the most commonmay differ from the original master.
sound format for DVD.5.1 Surround Sound Headphones:
Six discrete audio channels:While the traditional method of surround sound
-3 for speakers at the front - left (L), center (C), anddescribed above uses numerous speakers to produce
right (R)the entire sound field, the surround sound mix is limited
-2 for surround speakers at the side or rear - surroundto a two-channel stereo mix when using headphones.
left (SL) and surround right (SR)That is why recent developments in surround sound
-1 low-frequency effects (LFE) channel carriestechnology include 5.1 surround sound headphones, to
supporting deep bass sound effects, ranging from 10allow you to have the same sound quality and
Hz to 120 Hz, which can for example be used by asurround sound experience without waking the
subwoofer. (This is the '.1' in '5.1'.)neighbors or disturbing roommates.